Imperfect phraseological calques, semi-calques, and hybrids from Italian in the Albanianlanguage

Abstract

This paper follows up on the study of perfect phraseological calques in the Albanian language inspired by models from the Italian language by examining other categories of phraseological calques. The diverse linguistic tradition of the two languages under comparison sometimes requires the use of implementation strategies of adaptation in the receiving language, resulting in imperfect phraseological calques, semi-calques and hybrids. The category of imperfect phraseological calques, which is itself further differentiated, is numerically inferior but more articulate than the perfect phraseological calques and is very productive within the calque phenomenon; the rendition of the models with phraseological semi-calques are contemplated but sparsely adopted; the phraseological hybrids that have been detected constitute sparse cases. Repeated interference from Italian occurs in a bilingual environment and suggests the enucleation of a new type of calque, not in use in the source language; the categorial definition of the neologism is determined by the semantics of the loan involved in the replication (loan → phraseological calque with loan). The main sources of neologisms' findings are monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, but especially the media. Referring to the latest edition of the official dictionary in use (2006), many of the analyzed entries do not find acceptance in the standard; their stabilization in use will be manifest with the publication of the updated version of the dictionary under consideration.